Forzán M J, Vanderstichel R, Hogan N S, Teather K, Wood J
Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2010 Sep 2;91(2):91-6. doi: 10.3354/dao02244.
Chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has resulted in the decline or extinction of approximately 200 frog species worldwide. It has been reported throughout much of North America, but its presence on Prince Edward Island (PEI), on the eastern coast of Canada, was unknown. To determine the presence and prevalence of Bd on PEI, skin swabs were collected from 115 frogs from 18 separate sites across the province during the summer of 2009. The swabs were tested through single round end-point PCR for the presence of Bd DNA. Thirty-one frogs were positive, including 25/93 (27%) green frogs Lithobates (Rana) clamitans, 5/20 (25%) northern leopard frogs L. (R.) pipiens, and 1/2 (50%) wood frogs L. sylvaticus (formerly R. sylvatica); 12 of the 18 (67%) sites had at least 1 positive frog. The overall prevalence of Bd infection was estimated at 26.9% (7.2-46.7%, 95% CI). Prevalence amongst green frogs and leopard frogs was similar, but green frogs had a stronger PCR signal when compared to leopard frogs, regardless of age (p < 0.001) and body length (p = 0.476). Amongst green frogs, juveniles were more frequently positive than adults (p = 0.001). Green frogs may be the most reliable species to sample when looking for Bd in eastern North America. The 1 wood frog positive for Bd was found dead from chytridiomycosis; none of the other frogs that were positive for Bd by PCR showed any obvious signs of illness. Further monitoring will be required to determine what effect Bd infection has on amphibian population health on PEI.
蛙壶菌病由蛙壶菌（Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis，简称Bd）引起，已导致全球约200种蛙类物种数量减少或灭绝。北美大部分地区都有相关报道，但加拿大东海岸爱德华王子岛（PEI）上是否存在蛙壶菌尚不清楚。为了确定蛙壶菌在爱德华王子岛的存在情况和流行程度，2009年夏季从该省18个不同地点的115只青蛙身上采集了皮肤拭子。通过单轮终点聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测拭子中是否存在蛙壶菌DNA。31只青蛙呈阳性，其中包括25/93（27%）的绿蛙（Lithobates (Rana) clamitans）、5/20（25%）的北美豹蛙（L. (R.) pipiens）和1/2（50%）的林蛙（L. sylvaticus，原名为R. sylvatica）；18个地点中有12个（67%）至少有1只阳性青蛙。蛙壶菌感染的总体流行率估计为26.9%（7.2 - 46.7%，95%置信区间）。绿蛙和豹蛙中的流行率相似，但无论年龄（p < 0.001）和体长（p = ）如何，绿蛙的PCR信号都比豹蛙更强。在绿蛙中，幼蛙比成蛙更频繁呈阳性（p = 0.001）。在北美东部寻找蛙壶菌时，绿蛙可能是最可靠的采样物种。检测出蛙壶菌呈阳性的1只林蛙死于蛙壶菌病；通过PCR检测呈阳性的其他青蛙均未表现出任何明显的疾病迹象。需要进一步监测以确定蛙壶菌感染对爱德华王子岛两栖动物种群健康的影响。 （注：原文中“p = 0.476”处“p = ”后面缺少具体数值，译文保留原文格式）
