Lerdthusnee Kriangkrai, Nigro Joseph, Monkanna Taweesak, Leepitakrat Warisa, Leepitakrat Surachai, Insuan Sucheera, Charoensongsermkit Weerayut, Khlaimanee Nittaya, Akkagraisee Wilasinee, Chayapum Kwanta, Jones James W
Department of Entomology, United States Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand Science Systems and Applications, National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Goddard Space Flight Center NASA-GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA.
Integr Zool. 2008 Dec;3(4):267-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2008.00100.x.
The epidemiology of many rodent-borne diseases in South-East Asia remains ill-defined. Scrub typhus and lep-tospirosis are common and medically significant, while other zoonotic diseases, such as spotted fever group Rickettsiae have been identified, but their overall medical significance is unknown. Rodent surveillance was conducted from June 2002 to July 2004 in 18 provinces from Thailand. Traps were set up for one to three nights. Blood and serum samples and animal tissue samples (liver, spleen, kidney and urinary bladder) were collected. Chiggermites, ticks and fleas were removed from captured rodents. A total of 4536 wild-caught rodents from 27 species were captured over two years of animal trapping. Rattus rattus was the dominant species, followed by Rattus exulans and Bandicota indica. Almost 43 000 ectoparasites were removed from the captured animals. Approximately 98% of the ectoparasites were chigger-mites, of which 46% belonged to the genus Leptotrombidium (scrub typhus vector). Other genera included Schoengastia and Blankaartia. Tick and flea specimens together comprised less than 1% of the sample. Among the five species of ticks collected, Haemaphysalis bandicota was the predominant species caught, followed by Ixodes granulatus other Haemaphysalis spp., Rhipicephalus spp. and Dermacentor spp. Only two species of fleas were collected and Xenopsylla cheopis (rat flea) was the predominant species. Using both commercial diagnostic kits and in-house molecular assays, animal tissue samples were examined and screened for zoonotic diseases. Seven zoonotic diseases were detected: scrub typhus, leptospirosis, murine typhus, tick typhus, bartonella, babesiosis and trypanosomiasis. Most samples were positive for scrub typhus. Other zoonotic diseases still under investigation include borrelosis, ehrlichiosis, the plague, and other rickettsial diseases. Using geographic information systems, global positioning systems and remote sensing technology, epidemiological and environmental data were combined to assess the relative risk in different biotopes within highly endemic areas of scrub typhus in Thailand.
东南亚许多啮齿动物传播疾病的流行病学情况仍不明确。恙虫病和钩端螺旋体病较为常见且具有重要医学意义，而其他一些人畜共患病，如斑点热群立克次体病已被发现，但其总体医学意义尚不清楚。2002年6月至2004年7月期间，在泰国的18个省份开展了啮齿动物监测。设置陷阱一至三晚。采集血液和血清样本以及动物组织样本（肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和膀胱）。从捕获的啮齿动物身上清除恙螨、蜱和跳蚤。在两年的动物诱捕过程中，共捕获了来自27个物种的4536只野生啮齿动物。黑家鼠是优势物种，其次是斯氏家鼠和板齿鼠。从捕获的动物身上清除了近43000只体外寄生虫。约98%的体外寄生虫是恙螨，其中46%属于纤恙螨属（恙虫病传播媒介）。其他属包括纤恙螨属和布兰卡尔恙螨属。蜱和跳蚤标本合计占样本不到1%。在所采集的五种蜱中，板齿血蜱是捕获的主要物种，其次是粒形硬蜱、其他血蜱属、扇头蜱属和革蜱属。仅采集到两种跳蚤，印鼠客蚤（鼠蚤）是主要物种。使用商业诊断试剂盒和内部分子检测方法，对动物组织样本进行检查并筛查人畜共患病。检测到七种人畜共患病：恙虫病、钩端螺旋体病、鼠型斑疹伤寒、蜱传斑疹伤寒、巴尔通体病、巴贝斯虫病和锥虫病。大多数样本恙虫病呈阳性。仍在调查的其他人畜共患病包括莱姆病、埃立克体病、鼠疫和其他立克次体病。利用地理信息系统、全球定位系统和遥感技术，将流行病学和环境数据相结合，以评估泰国恙虫病高度流行地区不同生物群落中的相对风险。
