Chen Hong-Wei, Liu Guo-Dong, Zhao Gang-Sheng, Pan Jun
Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital of Yiwu City, Yiwu, China.
Orthopedics. 2011 Apr 11;34(4). doi: 10.3928/01477447-20110228-25.
A highly unstable and neurological injury, the isolated U-shaped sacral fracture without pre-pelvic ring fracture but combined with cauda equina injury is rare in clinics, and the treatment method remains unclear. It can occur when patients fall from a height, the lower extremities hit the ground in extreme flexion, and the sacrum is the direct touchdown point. The direct impact on the sacrum and the vertical extrusion energy through the spinal column may be the main mechanism of injury. The U-shaped sacral fracture is easily missed, and diagnosis is often delayed as it is difficult to detect on anteroposterior view pelvic radiograph due to angulation of the fracture and bowel shadow. When clinical signs suggested a possible U-shaped sacral fracture, a 2- to 3-mm cut computed tomography scan with coronal and sagittal reconstruction can provide optimal imaging to identify and evaluate the sacral fracture.This article describes 2 patients, a 16-year-old girl and a 40-year-old man, with U-shaped sacral fractures. The patients were treated with posterior sacral laminectomy within 1 week after injury and achieved satisfactory postoperative recovery. Follow-up showed bony union with no further displacement or internal fixation failure, wound infection, delayed healing, or compression of the skin by the plate and screws. The results show that posterior vertebral plate decompression and reconstructive plate internal fixation can obtain a satisfactory outcome with minor operation trauma and few complications.
孤立的U形骶骨骨折不伴有骨盆前环骨折但合并马尾神经损伤,是一种高度不稳定的神经损伤,在临床上较为罕见,其治疗方法仍不明确。它可发生于患者从高处坠落时,下肢极度屈曲着地,骶骨为直接触地点。对骶骨的直接撞击以及通过脊柱的垂直挤压能量可能是主要损伤机制。U形骶骨骨折容易漏诊,由于骨折成角和肠管阴影,在骨盆前后位X线片上难以发现,故诊断常被延误。当临床体征提示可能存在U形骶骨骨折时,进行2至3毫米层厚的计算机断层扫描并进行冠状位和矢状位重建,可为识别和评估骶骨骨折提供最佳影像学检查。本文描述了2例U形骶骨骨折患者,分别为一名16岁女孩和一名40岁男性。患者在受伤后1周内接受了后路骶骨椎板切除术,术后恢复满意。随访显示骨折骨性愈合,无进一步移位或内固定失败、伤口感染、愈合延迟或钢板及螺钉压迫皮肤的情况。结果表明,后路椎板减压及重建钢板内固定术创伤小、并发症少,可获得满意疗效。