Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, University of Nebraska, 143 Food Industry Complex, Lincoln, NE 68583-0955, USA.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2011 Aug;11(4):317-24. doi: 10.1007/s11882-011-0195-6.
Genetically modified (GM) plants are increasingly used for food production and industrial applications. As the global population has surpassed 7 billion and per capita consumption rises, food production is challenged by loss of arable land, changing weather patterns, and evolving plant pests and disease. Previous gains in quantity and quality relied on natural or artificial breeding, random mutagenesis, increased pesticide and fertilizer use, and improved farming techniques, all without a formal safety evaluation. However, the direct introduction of novel genes raised questions regarding safety that are being addressed by an evaluation process that considers potential increases in the allergenicity, toxicity, and nutrient availability of foods derived from the GM plants. Opinions vary regarding the adequacy of the assessment, but there is no documented proof of an adverse effect resulting from foods produced from GM plants. This review and opinion discusses current practices and new regulatory demands related to food safety.
转基因（GM）植物越来越多地用于食品生产和工业应用。随着全球人口超过 70 亿，人均消费增加，耕地流失、气候变化以及不断演变的植物病虫害给粮食生产带来了挑战。过去在数量和质量上的提高依赖于自然或人工育种、随机诱变、增加农药和化肥的使用以及改进的耕作技术，但都没有经过正式的安全评估。然而，新型基因的直接引入引发了对安全性的质疑，这些质疑正在通过一个评估过程得到解决，该过程考虑了源自转基因植物的食品的过敏性、毒性和营养可用性的潜在增加。对于评估的充分性意见不一，但没有文件证明源自转基因植物的食品会产生不良影响。这篇综述和观点讨论了与食品安全相关的当前实践和新的监管要求。
