从捕食者中隔离：养殖红腿石鸡（Alectoris rufa）向野外释放失败的关键因素？

Isolation from predators: a key factor in the failed release of farmed red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) to the wild?

Research Group on Game Species Breeding and Management, Departamento de Producción Animal. Fac. Veterinaria, Universidad de León 24071, Leon, Spain.

Br Poult Sci. 2011 Apr;52(2):155-62. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2010.549668.

Abstract

The effects of predation isolation were studied in two lines of 10 month-old farmed red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa). Birds came from bred generations in captivity (F) and directly from wild parents (W). 2. Releases were carried out in March for two consecutive years on private farmland with a stable population of wild red-legged partridge using 68 tagged birds (36 F, 32 W). 3. No statistical differences were found in survival time (mean 18 d) or home range values (mean 7·38 ha); 49% of mortality was attributable to raptors, 36% to wild canids and 15% had doubtful causes of death. F birds suffered more predation by raptors and W partridges more by mammalian carnivores. 4. A statistical difference was found in post-release dispersion: the means were 243·4 m in F and 593·3 m in W. 5. The result of predation isolation was similar in both groups, which confirms the adverse effects of current production systems on anti-predator behaviour. Farmers should consider the introduction of new rearing techniques with the aim of improving survival after release.

摘要

本研究在两条 10 月龄家养红腿石鸡（Alectoris rufa）品系中进行了捕食隔离效应的研究。这些鸟类分别来自圈养繁殖世代（F）和直接来自野生亲鸟（W）。
连续两年的 3 月，在一块私人农田上对稳定存在的野生红腿石鸡进行了释放，共使用了 68 只标记鸟类（36 只 F，32 只 W）。
未发现存活率（平均 18 天）或家域值（平均 7.38 公顷）有统计学差异；死亡率的 49%归因于猛禽，36%归因于野生犬科动物，15%有可疑的死因。F 鸟类遭受的猛禽捕食更多，而 W 鸟类遭受的哺乳动物捕食更多。
释放后的扩散存在统计学差异：F 的平均值为 243.4 米，W 的平均值为 593.3 米。
两组的捕食隔离结果相似，这证实了当前生产系统对反捕食行为的不利影响。农民应考虑引入新的饲养技术，以提高释放后的存活率。