Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Ave, Suite 366 San Francisco, CA 94143-1390, USA.
Tob Control. 2011 May;20 Suppl 1(Suppl_1):i45-8. doi: 10.1136/tc.2010.041301.
The trillions of cigarette butts generated each year throughout the world pose a significant challenge for disposal regulations, primarily because there are millions of points of disposal, along with the necessity to segregate, collect and dispose of the butts in a safe manner, and cigarette butts are toxic, hazardous waste. There are some hazardous waste laws, such as those covering used tyres and automobile batteries, in which the retailer is responsible for the proper disposal of the waste, but most post-consumer waste disposal is the responsibility of the consumer. Concepts such as extended producer responsibility (EPR) are being used for some post-consumer waste to pass the responsibility and cost for recycling or disposal to the manufacturer of the product. In total, 32 states in the US have passed EPR laws covering auto switches, batteries, carpet, cell phones, electronics, fluorescent lighting, mercury thermostats, paint and pesticide containers, and these could be models for cigarette waste legislation. A broader concept of producer stewardship includes EPR, but adds the consumer and the retailer into the regulation. The State of Maine considered a comprehensive product stewardship law in 2010 that is a much better model than EPR. By using either EPR or the Maine model, the tobacco industry will be required to cover the cost of collecting and disposing of cigarette butt waste. Additional requirements included in the Maine model are needed for consumers and businesses to complete the network that will be necessary to maximise the segregation and collection of cigarette butts to protect the environment.
全球每年产生的数以万亿计的香烟烟头对处理法规构成了重大挑战,主要原因是有无数的处理点,并且需要以安全的方式对烟头进行分类、收集和处理,而烟头是有毒的、危险废物。有一些危险废物法规,例如涵盖使用过的轮胎和汽车电池的法规,其中零售商负责妥善处理废物,但大多数消费后废物的处理是消费者的责任。一些概念,如生产者延伸责任 (EPR),正被用于一些消费后废物,将回收或处理的责任和成本转嫁给产品制造商。美国共有 32 个州通过了涵盖汽车开关、电池、地毯、手机、电子产品、荧光灯、含汞恒温器、油漆和农药容器的 EPR 法律,这些法律可以成为香烟废物立法的典范。生产者管理的更广泛概念包括 EPR,但将消费者和零售商纳入监管范围。缅因州在 2010 年考虑了一项全面的产品管理法,这是比 EPR 更好的模式。通过使用 EPR 或缅因州模式,烟草行业将需要支付收集和处理烟头废物的费用。为了完善网络,最大限度地分离和收集烟头以保护环境,消费者和企业需要完成缅因州模式中规定的其他要求。