Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Rangreth, Srinagar, (J&K), 190 007, India.
Curr Genomics. 2010 Nov;11(7):500-12. doi: 10.2174/138920210793175912.
Genetic material in plants is distributed into nucleus, plastids and mitochondria. Plastid has a central role of carrying out photosynthesis in plant cells. Plastid transformation is becoming more popular and an alternative to nuclear gene transformation because of various advantages like high protein levels, the feasibility of expressing multiple proteins from polycistronic mRNAs, and gene containment through the lack of pollen transmission. Recently, much progress in plastid engineering has been made. In addition to model plant tobacco, many transplastomic crop plants have been generated which possess higher resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and molecular pharming. In this mini review, we will discuss the features of the plastid DNA and advantages of plastid transformation. We will also present some examples of transplastomic plants developed so far through plastid engineering, and the various applications of plastid transformation.
植物的遗传物质分布在细胞核、质体和线粒体中。质体在植物细胞中起着进行光合作用的核心作用。由于各种优势，如高蛋白质水平、多顺反子 mRNA 表达多种蛋白质的可行性，以及通过缺乏花粉传播实现基因封闭，质体转化正变得越来越流行，成为核基因转化的替代品。最近，质体工程取得了很大进展。除了模式植物烟草外，还产生了许多具有更高抗生物和非生物胁迫及分子制药能力的转质体作物。在这篇简评中，我们将讨论质体 DNA 的特征和质体转化的优势。我们还将介绍迄今为止通过质体工程开发的转质体植物的一些例子，以及质体转化的各种应用。
