School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
PLoS One. 2011 Apr 26;6(4):e19394. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019394.
Understanding how diversity of neural cells is generated is one of the main tasks of developmental biology. The Hairy/E(spl) family members are potential targets of Notch signaling, which has been shown to be fundamental to neural cell maintenance, cell fate decisions, and compartment boundary formation. However, their response to Notch signaling and their roles in neurogenesis are still not fully understood. In the present study, we isolated a zebrafish homologue of hairy/E(spl), her8a, and showed this gene is specifically expressed in the developing nervous system. her8a is positively regulated by Su(H)-dependent Notch signaling as revealed by a Notch-defective mutant and injection of variants of the Notch intracellular regulator, Su(H). Morpholino knockdown of Her8a resulted in upregulation of proneural and post-mitotic neuronal markers, indicating that Her8a is essential for the inhibition of neurogenesis. In addition, markers for glial precursors and mature glial cells were down-regulated in Her8a morphants, suggesting Her8a is required for gliogenesis. The role of Her8a and its response to Notch signaling is thus similar to mammalian HES1, however this is the converse of what is seen for the more closely related mammalian family member, HES6. This study not only provides further understanding of how the fundamental signaling pathway, Notch signaling, and its downstream genes mediate neural development and differentiation, but also reveals evolutionary diversity in the role of H/E(spl) genes.
理解神经细胞多样性的产生是发育生物学的主要任务之一。Hairy/E(spl)家族成员是 Notch 信号的潜在靶点, Notch 信号已被证明对神经细胞维持、细胞命运决定和隔室边界形成至关重要。然而,它们对 Notch 信号的反应及其在神经发生中的作用仍不完全清楚。在本研究中,我们分离了一个斑马鱼 hairy/E(spl)的同源物 her8a,并表明该基因特异性地在发育中的神经系统中表达。her8a 受到 Su(H)-依赖性 Notch 信号的正调控,这一点通过 Notch 缺陷突变体和 Notch 细胞内调节剂 Su(H)变体的注射得到证实。Her8a 的 Morpholino 敲低导致前神经和后有丝分裂神经元标记物的上调,表明 Her8a 对于神经发生的抑制是必不可少的。此外,Her8a 形态发生体中的神经胶质前体细胞和成熟神经胶质细胞的标记物下调,表明 Her8a 对于神经胶质发生是必需的。因此,Her8a 的作用及其对 Notch 信号的反应与哺乳动物 HES1 相似,然而,这与更密切相关的哺乳动物家族成员 HES6 所见的情况相反。这项研究不仅进一步了解了基本信号通路 Notch 信号及其下游基因如何介导神经发育和分化,还揭示了 H/E(spl)基因在作用上的进化多样性。