Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2011 May;11(5):715-23. doi: 10.1586/era.11.43.
In the past few decades, rapid improvements in noninvasive optical technologies have revolutionized the diagnosis of early-stage melanoma. Current knowledge and limitations of these tools will be reviewed in this article. Dermoscopy has been recognized as the 'gold standard' in the screening phase. Digital dermoscopy monitoring and total-body photography are used to identify so-called 'featureless' melanoma only on the criteria of change over time. Automated instruments, as well as optical and nonmorphological methods, are still under development, and offer many opportunities to improve the speed and accuracy of the diagnosis of melanoma and/or to reduce the need for expertise. Despite a penetration depth limited to the upper dermis, the quasi-histological imaging achieved by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy has been demonstrated to significantly aid diagnostic accuracy for selected melanocytic lesions. Future perspectives on diagnostic instrumentation will also be explored.
在过去的几十年中，无创光学技术的飞速发展彻底改变了早期黑色素瘤的诊断方式。本文将回顾这些工具的现有知识和局限性。皮肤镜检查已被公认为筛查阶段的“金标准”。数字皮肤镜监测和全身摄影用于仅根据随时间变化的标准来识别所谓的“无特征”黑色素瘤。自动化仪器以及光学和非形态学方法仍在开发中，为提高黑色素瘤的诊断速度和准确性以及减少对专业知识的需求提供了许多机会。尽管体内反射共聚焦显微镜所实现的准组织学成像的穿透深度仅限于表皮上层，但已证明其对选定的黑素细胞病变的诊断准确性有显著的辅助作用。本文还将探讨诊断仪器的未来展望。
