Institute of Pediatrics, University Department of Medical & Surgical Specialties & Public Health, Perugia, Italy.
Immunotherapy. 2011 May;3(5):629-35. doi: 10.2217/imt.11.36.
Among the treatments available for respiratory allergy, which include allergen avoidance and pharmacotherapy, specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only treatment able to not only act on the symptoms of allergy but also act on the causes. SIT is the practice of administering gradually increasing doses of the specific causative allergen to reduce the clinical reactivity of allergic subjects and was introduced one century ago. SIT remained an empirical treatment for more than 40 years, but the first controlled trial in 1954 paved the way for the scientific era. At present, SIT may be administered in two forms: subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). A large number of trials, globally analyzed in several meta-analyses, evaluated the efficacy and safety of SCIT and SLIT in allergic rhinitis and asthma. Current available data give solid evidence to the clinical efficacy of both SCIT and SLIT in allergic rhinitis and asthma. Providing the recommended doses and administration schedules are adhered to, the safety and tolerability are very good; however, adverse systemic reactions remain a drawback for SCIT. After one century of use, accumulating evidence surrounds SIT and the central role in the management of respiratory allergy.
在治疗呼吸道过敏的方法中，包括避免过敏原和药物治疗，特异性免疫治疗（SIT）是唯一能够不仅作用于过敏症状，还能作用于病因的治疗方法。SIT 是指逐渐给予特定致病过敏原剂量以减少过敏受试者临床反应性的做法，它在一个世纪前就已被引入。SIT 在超过 40 年的时间里一直是一种经验性的治疗方法，但 1954 年的第一个对照试验为科学时代铺平了道路。目前，SIT 可能有两种形式：皮下（SCIT）和舌下免疫疗法（SLIT）。大量的试验，在几次荟萃分析中进行了全球分析，评估了 SCIT 和 SLIT 在过敏性鼻炎和哮喘中的疗效和安全性。目前可用的数据为 SCIT 和 SLIT 在过敏性鼻炎和哮喘中的临床疗效提供了确凿的证据。如果遵循推荐的剂量和管理方案，安全性和耐受性非常好；但是，全身性不良反应仍然是 SCIT 的一个缺点。经过一个世纪的使用，积累的证据围绕着 SIT，并在呼吸道过敏的管理中发挥着核心作用。
