Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Nitric Oxide. 2011 Aug 1;25(2):95-101. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.04.014. Epub 2011 Apr 30.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger molecule that is highly diffusible and short-lived. Despite these two characteristics, seemingly unsuitable for intracellular reactions, NO modulates a variety of cellular processes via the mechanism of S-nitrosylation. An important factor that determines the specificity of S-nitrosylation as a signaling mechanism is the compartmentalization of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with its target proteins. Endothelial NOS (eNOS) is unique among the NOS family members by being localized mainly near specific intracellular membrane domains including the cytoplasmic face of the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane caveolae. Nitric oxide produced by eNOS localized on the Golgi apparatus can react with thiol groups on nearby Golgi proteins via a redox mechanism resulting in S-nitrosylation of these proteins. This modification influences their function as regulators of cellular processes such as protein trafficking (e.g., exocytosis and endocytosis), redox state, and cell cycle. Thus, eNOS-derived NO regulates a wide range of endothelial cell functions, such as inflammation, apoptosis, permeability, migration, and cell growth.
一氧化氮（NO）是一种信使分子，具有高度的扩散性和短暂的寿命。尽管有这两个特点，NO 似乎不适合细胞内反应，但它通过 S-亚硝基化的机制调节多种细胞过程。决定 S-亚硝基化作为信号机制特异性的一个重要因素是一氧化氮合酶（NOS）与其靶蛋白的区室化。内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）在 NOS 家族成员中是独特的，主要定位于包括高尔基器细胞质面和质膜小窝在内的特定细胞内膜域。定位于高尔基器上的 eNOS 产生的一氧化氮可以通过氧化还原机制与附近高尔基蛋白上的巯基反应，导致这些蛋白质的 S-亚硝基化。这种修饰影响它们作为细胞过程调节剂的功能，如蛋白质运输（例如，胞吐和胞吞）、氧化还原状态和细胞周期。因此，eNOS 衍生的 NO 调节广泛的内皮细胞功能，如炎症、细胞凋亡、通透性、迁移和细胞生长。
