Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160 012, India.
Indian J Pharmacol. 2011 Apr;43(2):105-12. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.77334.
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder in which multiple neurotransmitter systems have been implicated. Increased and decreased dopamine transmission in the subcortical meso-limbic and meso-cortical systems is closely linked to the "positive" and "negative" symptoms of schizophrenia, respectively. Important roles have also been found for serotonin and acetylcholine, both of which are closely linked to dopamine. An abnormality in glutamate functioning involving N-methyl-D-aspartic acid as well as other receptor subtypes may underlie the dopamine dysfunction observed in schizophrenia. Since the discovery of chlorpromazine in 1952, researchers have been developing new molecules targeting various neurotransmitter systems to maximize their efficacy and tolerability. The advancements in molecular genetics have opened up new horizons to manipulate the post-receptor protein cascade and gene expression. Although the magic-wand still eludes us, the newer molecules hold a lot of promise in this condition.
精神分裂症是一种异质性的精神障碍，其中多个神经递质系统都与之相关。皮质下中脑边缘和中脑皮质系统中的多巴胺传递增加和减少分别与精神分裂症的“阳性”和“阴性”症状密切相关。血清素和乙酰胆碱也起着重要作用，两者都与多巴胺密切相关。谷氨酸功能异常涉及 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸以及其他受体亚型，可能是精神分裂症中观察到的多巴胺功能障碍的基础。自 1952 年氯丙嗪发现以来，研究人员一直在开发针对各种神经递质系统的新分子，以最大限度地提高其疗效和耐受性。分子遗传学的进步为操纵受体后蛋白级联和基因表达开辟了新的前景。尽管魔术棒仍然让我们望而却步，但在这种情况下，更新的分子有很大的希望。
