Translational Surgical Pathology section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, MSC Room 2B44, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Nat Rev Urol. 2011 May 17;8(6):321-33. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2011.64.
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the most common histological subtype of malignant kidney tumors. Based on symptoms alone, clear cell RCC is indistinguishable from other histological classes of RCC unless the tumor is present in the context of an RCC syndrome. Histopathological examination is, therefore, important to accurately identify clear cell RCC. Clear cell RCCs have characteristic morphological criteria; these tumors can be easily identified upon typical presentation, but diagnosis can be challenging when tumor cell pattern is unusual or when availability of tissue samples is limited. In this Review, the clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics of clear cell RCCs are described, as well as the potential tumors that can be confused with clear cell RCC and need to be considered in the differential diagnoses. Finally, the importance of an accurate diagnosis is highlighted in the context of the increasing use of preoperative tissue sampling and the prevalence of clear cell tumors associated with hereditary syndromes, which could have different therapeutic and prognostic implications for patients and their families.
透明细胞肾细胞癌（RCC）是最常见的肾脏恶性肿瘤组织学亚型。仅根据症状，透明细胞 RCC 与其他 RCC 组织学类型无法区分，除非肿瘤存在于 RCC 综合征的背景下。因此，组织病理学检查对于准确识别透明细胞 RCC 很重要。透明细胞 RCC 具有特征性的形态学标准；这些肿瘤在典型表现时很容易识别，但当肿瘤细胞形态不典型或组织样本有限时，诊断可能具有挑战性。在本综述中，描述了透明细胞 RCC 的临床、放射学和病理学特征，以及可能与透明细胞 RCC 混淆并需要在鉴别诊断中考虑的潜在肿瘤。最后，强调了准确诊断的重要性，因为术前组织采样的使用越来越多，以及与遗传性综合征相关的透明细胞肿瘤的流行，这可能对患者及其家属的治疗和预后产生不同的影响。
