Sulikowski Danielle, Burke Darren
Department of Brain, Behaviour and Evolution, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
J Comp Psychol. 2011 May;125(2):143-9. doi: 10.1037/a0023249.
The tendency to win-shift (to better learn to avoid, rather than return to, recently rewarded locations) has been demonstrated in a variety of nectarivorous birds and in honeybees. It is hypothesized to be a cognitive adaptation to the depleting nature of nectar. In the present study we report the first attempt to test for a win-shift bias in a nectarivorous parrot, the rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus hematodus). This species differs from others tested for a win-shift bias in that it is a facultative, rather than an obligate, nectarivore. We tested a captive-reared population of the birds on a shift/stay task at long and short retention intervals. The data show no evidence of either a win-shift or a win-stay bias. The birds demonstrated efficient spatial search ability and above chance performance for both shift and stay contingencies at long and short delays. These data suggest that an innate tendency to win-shift may not be present in all avian nectarivores, or that the role experience plays in shaping such behaviors is different for different species.
赢移倾向（即更好地学会避开而非返回最近有奖励的地点）已在多种食蜜鸟类和蜜蜂中得到证实。据推测，这是对花蜜逐渐耗尽特性的一种认知适应。在本研究中，我们报告了首次尝试在食蜜鹦鹉——彩虹吸蜜鹦鹉（Trichoglossus hematodus）中测试赢移偏差。该物种与其他接受赢移偏差测试的物种不同，它是兼性食蜜动物，而非专性食蜜动物。我们在长和短保持间隔的转换/停留任务中测试了一群圈养繁殖的这种鸟类。数据显示没有赢移或赢留偏差的证据。这些鸟类在长和短延迟情况下，对于转换和停留两种情况都表现出了有效的空间搜索能力和高于随机水平的表现。这些数据表明，并非所有鸟类食蜜动物都存在天生的赢移倾向，或者经验在塑造此类行为中所起的作用因物种而异。
