Animal Physiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, POB 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Hear Res. 2011 Sep;279(1-2):96-110. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2011.05.012. Epub 2011 Jun 15.
The role of glycine and GABA as inhibitory neurotransmitters in the adult vertebrate nervous system has been well characterized in a variety of model systems, including the auditory, which is particularly well suited for analyzing inhibitory neurotransmission. However, a full understanding of glycinergic and GABAergic transmission requires profound knowledge of how the precise organization of such synapses emerges. Likewise, the role of glycinergic and GABAergic signaling during development, including the dynamic changes in regulation of cytosolic chloride via chloride cotransporters, needs to be thoroughly understood. Recent literature has elucidated the developmental expression of many of the molecular components that comprise the inhibitory synaptic phenotype. An equally important focus of research has revealed the critical role of glycinergic and GABAergic signaling in sculpting different developmental aspects in the auditory system. This review examines the current literature detailing the expression patterns and function (chapter 1), as well as the regulation and pharmacology of chloride cotransporters (chapter 2). Of particular importance is the ontogeny of glycinergic and GABAergic transmission (chapter 3). The review also surveys the recent work on the signaling role of these two major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the developing auditory system (chapter 4) and concludes with an overview of areas for further research (chapter 5).
甘氨酸和 GABA 作为抑制性神经递质在成年脊椎动物神经系统中的作用在各种模型系统中得到了很好的描述，包括听觉系统，听觉系统特别适合分析抑制性神经传递。然而，要全面了解甘氨酸能和 GABA 能传递，需要深入了解这些突触的精确组织是如何出现的。同样，甘氨酸能和 GABA 能信号在发育过程中的作用，包括通过氯共转运蛋白对细胞质氯离子的调节的动态变化，也需要得到彻底的理解。最近的文献阐明了构成抑制性突触表型的许多分子成分的发育表达。同样重要的研究焦点揭示了甘氨酸能和 GABA 能信号在塑造听觉系统不同发育方面的关键作用。本综述考察了详细描述甘氨酸和 GABA 能传递的发育表达模式和功能（第 1 章），以及氯共转运蛋白的调节和药理学（第 2 章）的最新文献。特别重要的是甘氨酸能和 GABA 能传递的个体发生（第 3 章）。本综述还调查了最近关于这两种主要抑制性神经递质在发育中的听觉系统中的信号作用的工作（第 4 章），并以进一步研究的领域概述（第 5 章）结束。
