University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48106 (
Am Econ Rev. 2008 Dec 1;98(5):1829-1863. doi: 10.1257/aer.98.5.1829.
This paper evaluates an experiment in which individuals in rural Malawi were randomly assigned monetary incentives to learn their HIV results after being tested. Distance to the HIV results centers was also randomly assigned. Without any incentive, 34 percent of the participants learned their HIV results. However, even the smallest incentive doubled that share. Using the randomly assigned incentives and distance from results centers as instruments for the knowledge of HIV status, sexually active HIV-positive individuals who learned their results are three times more likely to purchase condoms two months later than sexually active HIV-positive individuals who did not learn their results; however, HIV-positive individuals who learned their results purchase only two additional condoms than those who did not. There is no significant effect of learning HIV-negative status on the purchase of condoms.
本文评估了一项在马拉维农村进行的实验，该实验中随机向个人提供金钱激励，以在接受检测后了解其 HIV 检测结果。HIV 检测结果中心的距离也被随机分配。在没有任何激励的情况下，34%的参与者了解了自己的 HIV 检测结果。然而，即使是最小的激励也使这一比例翻了一番。利用随机分配的激励措施和与检测结果中心的距离作为了解 HIV 状况的工具，了解自己 HIV 检测结果的性活跃的 HIV 阳性个体在两个月后购买避孕套的可能性是未了解自己 HIV 检测结果的性活跃的 HIV 阳性个体的三倍；然而，了解自己 HIV 检测结果的 HIV 阳性个体比未了解自己 HIV 检测结果的 HIV 阳性个体仅多购买了两个避孕套。了解 HIV 阴性状况对购买避孕套没有显著影响。
