Vande Berg B, Lecouvet F, Koutaïssoff S, Simoni P, Maldague B, Malghem J
Service de Radiologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique.
J Radiol. 2011 Jun;92(6):557-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jradio.2011.05.002. Epub 2011 Jun 8.
Transient bone marrow edema of the hip is characterized by moderate homogeneous low MR signal intensity with ill-defined margins that involves at least a portion of the femoral head. Spin echo T1-weighted images are helpful to exclude other underlying diseases (tumor, infection, necrosis from systemic origin…), for which marrow edema is secondary or no epiphyseal in location. High-resolution fat-suppressed T2-weighted or proton density images allow evaluation of the articular cartilage, subchondral bone and subchondal marrow: if the articular cartilage is abnormal, the lesion is irreversible (arthrosis or necrosis); if the subchondral bone is focally interrupted and/or if the femoral is no longer spherical, the lesion is irreversible (necrosis); if a focal linear fluid collection is present under the subchondral bone, the lesion is irreversible (necrosis). Finally, subchondral changes may provide useful prognostic information: the absence of any abnormality other than marrow edema typically indicates that complete resolution is likely; the presence of a focal T2-weighted hypointense lesion immediately next to the subchondral bone suggests an irreversible lesion, especially if it is equal to or thicker than 4mm or the joint space. In some instances, prognosis cannot be reliably determined requiring the need for follow-up imaging.
髋关节短暂性骨髓水肿的特征是在磁共振成像(MR)上表现为中等程度的均匀低信号强度,边界不清,至少累及股骨头的一部分。自旋回波T1加权图像有助于排除其他潜在疾病(肿瘤、感染、全身性坏死等),对于这些疾病,骨髓水肿是继发性的或在骨骺部位不存在。高分辨率脂肪抑制T2加权或质子密度图像可用于评估关节软骨、软骨下骨和软骨下骨髓:如果关节软骨异常,病变是不可逆的(骨关节炎或坏死);如果软骨下骨局部中断和/或股骨头不再呈球形,病变是不可逆的(坏死);如果在软骨下骨下方存在局灶性线性液体积聚,病变是不可逆的(坏死)。最后,软骨下改变可能提供有用的预后信息:除骨髓水肿外无任何异常通常表明可能完全消退;紧邻软骨下骨的局灶性T2加权低信号病变提示不可逆病变,尤其是当它等于或厚于4mm或关节间隙时。在某些情况下,无法可靠地确定预后,需要进行随访成像。