Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033.
J Biochem. 2011 Sep;150(3):223-32. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvr087. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid mediator with diverse physiological and pathological actions on many types of cells. Originally, LPA was thought to elicit its biological functions through three subtypes of endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) family G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1, LPA2 and LPA3) until our group identified a fourth subtype, LPA4. The discovery of this receptor, which is structurally distinct from the Edg family LPA receptors, led to the identification of two additional LPA receptors, LPA5 and LPA6, homologous to LPA4. These 'non-Edg family' LPA receptors now provide a new framework for understanding the diverse functions of LPA, including vascular development, platelet activation and hair growth. In this review, we summarize the identification, intracellular signalling and biological functions of this novel cluster of LPA receptors.
溶血磷脂酸（LPA）是一种具有生物活性的脂质介质，对多种类型的细胞具有多种生理和病理作用。最初，LPA 被认为通过内皮分化基因（Edg）家族 G 蛋白偶联受体（LPA1、LPA2 和 LPA3）的三种亚型发挥其生物学功能，直到我们小组发现了第四种亚型，LPA4。该受体的发现与 Edg 家族 LPA 受体在结构上不同，导致了另外两种 LPA 受体 LPA5 和 LPA6 的鉴定，它们与 LPA4 同源。这些“非 Edg 家族”LPA 受体现在为理解 LPA 的多种功能提供了一个新的框架，包括血管发育、血小板激活和头发生长。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这一新簇 LPA 受体的鉴定、细胞内信号转导和生物学功能。
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