Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2011;289:211-38. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386039-2.00006-7.
Fertilization results from the fusion of male and female gametes in all sexually reproducing organisms. Much of nematode fertility work was focused on Caenorhabditis elegans and Ascaris suum. The C. elegans hermaphrodite produces a limited number of sperm initially and then commits to the exclusive production of oocytes. The postmeiotic differentiation called spermiogenesis converts sessile spermatids into motile spermatozoa. The motility of spermatozoa depends on dynamic assembly and disassembly of a major sperm protein-based cytoskeleton uniquely found in nematodes. Both self-derived and male-derived spermatozoa are stored in spermatheca, the site of fertilization in hermaphrodites. The oocyte is arrested in meiotic prophase I until a sperm-derived signal relieves the inhibition allowing the meiotic maturation to occur. Oocyte undergoes meiotic maturation, enters into spermatheca, gets fertilized, completes meiosis, and exits into uterus as a zygote. This review focuses on our current understanding of the events around fertilization in nematodes.
受精是所有有性生殖生物中雄性和雌性配子融合的结果。许多线虫生育工作都集中在秀丽隐杆线虫和猪蛔虫上。雌雄同体的秀丽隐杆线虫最初产生有限数量的精子，然后转而专门产生卵子。称为精子发生的减数分裂后分化将固着的精原细胞转化为能动的精子。精子的运动能力取决于一种主要的基于精子蛋白的细胞骨架的动态组装和拆卸，这种骨架在线虫中是独特的。自体来源和雄性来源的精子都储存在受精部位的精囊内。卵母细胞在减数分裂前期 I 中被阻滞，直到精子来源的信号解除抑制，允许减数分裂成熟发生。卵母细胞经历减数分裂成熟，进入精囊，受精，完成减数分裂，并作为受精卵进入子宫。本综述重点介绍了我们对线虫受精周围事件的当前理解。
