Gmeindl Leon, Nelson James K, Wiggin Timothy, Reuter-Lorenz Patricia A
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2011 Oct;73(7):2130-42. doi: 10.3758/s13414-011-0180-0.
In what form are multiple spatial locations represented in working memory? The present study revealed that people often maintain the configural properties (interitem relationships) of visuospatial stimuli even when this information is explicitly task-irrelevant. However, the results also indicated that the voluntary allocation of selective attention prior to stimulus presentation, as well as feature-based perceptual segregation of relevant from irrelevant stimuli, can eliminate the influence of stimulus configuration on location-change detection performance. In contrast, voluntary attention cued to the relevant target location following presentation of the stimulus array failed to attenuate these influences. Thus, whereas voluntary selective attention can isolate or prevent the encoding of irrelevant stimulus locations and configural properties, people, perhaps due to limitations in attentional resources, reliably fail to isolate or suppress configural representations that have been encoded into working memory.
工作记忆中多个空间位置是以何种形式呈现的？本研究表明，即使这些信息与任务明确无关，人们通常仍会保留视觉空间刺激的构型属性（项目间关系）。然而，结果还表明，在刺激呈现之前选择性注意的自愿分配，以及基于特征的相关刺激与无关刺激的知觉分离，可以消除刺激构型对位置变化检测性能的影响。相比之下，在刺激阵列呈现后将自愿注意指向相关目标位置并不能减弱这些影响。因此，虽然自愿选择性注意可以隔离或阻止无关刺激位置和构型属性的编码，但人们可能由于注意力资源的限制，可靠地无法隔离或抑制已编码到工作记忆中的构型表征。
