Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
Adv Virus Res. 2011;80:1-24. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-385987-7.00001-4.
Members of the Picornaviridae are positive-strand RNA viruses whose genomes contain internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) in the 5' noncoding region (NCR). These viruses must utilize host cell factors for translation initiation and RNA replication in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Such cytoplasmic, positive-strand RNA viruses have a conflict between the processes of translation and negative-strand RNA synthesis, since they occur in opposing directions and utilize positive-strand viral RNA as a template. The most extensively studied picornavirus, poliovirus, will be the focus of this review. Critical RNA elements and factors involved in the virus replication cycle will be discussed, with an overview on how these steps in replication relate to the switch mechanism between IRES-dependent translation and synthesis of negative-strand RNA intermediates.
小核糖核酸病毒科的成员是正链 RNA 病毒，其基因组在 5'非编码区（NCR）中包含内部核糖体进入位点（IRES）。这些病毒必须利用宿主细胞因子才能在感染细胞的细胞质中进行翻译起始和 RNA 复制。在细胞质中，正链 RNA 病毒的翻译和负链 RNA 合成过程之间存在冲突，因为这两个过程的方向相反，并且都利用正链病毒 RNA 作为模板。本综述将以研究最广泛的小核糖核酸病毒——脊髓灰质炎病毒为重点。本文将讨论病毒复制周期中涉及的关键 RNA 元件和因子，并概述这些复制步骤与 IRES 依赖性翻译和负链 RNA 中间产物合成之间的转换机制之间的关系。
