Radiation exposure to patients and radiologists during interventional procedures.

Patients who undergo interventional radiological examinations and the medical doctors who perform them receive a noticeable radiation dose. Twenty-six angiographies and six angioplasties were included in the present study. They were classified as examinations of lower limbs, abdominal aorta and aortic arch/carotid artery. Thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) were placed underneath and over the lead apron of the doctors at all of the 32 examinations as well as next to the eyes and over the thyroid of 22 patients. Dose area product (DAP) values, time duration and other parameters were registered. Patients' effective dose (ED) and doses to the various organs were calculated with the aid of ODS-60 software. The EDs were normalised to DAP measured in each procedure. Based on TLD measurements, the Niklason method was applied for the calculation of doctors' ED. The calculated ED by ODS-60 were in the range of 0.00-1.46, 2.63-49.32 and 0.07-45.12 mSv for the three groups, respectively, while E/DAP indices were 0.023, 0.310 and 0.105 mSv Gy(-1) cm(-2). Very good correlation was found between TLD measurements of the eye and the thyroid of the patients and the relative values calculated by ODS-60. The ED for the radiologists ranged from 0.4 to 47.0 μSv for all the procedures. Taking into consideration the annual number of examinations performed in the department, the estimated dose to the radiologists' eyes is considerably high, so wearing leaded glasses is recommended for the optimisation of the procedure.