Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2012 Jan;100(3):370-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.07.012. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
Stimulants such as d-amphetamine (AMPH) are used commonly to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but concerns have been raised regarding the use of AMPH due to its reinforcing and potentially addictive properties. The current study examined if individual differences in impulsive choice predict AMPH-induced hyperactivity and conditioned place preference (CPP). Rats were first tested in delay discounting using an adjusting delay procedure to measure impulsive choice and then were subsequently tested for AMPH CPP. High impulsive (HiI) and low impulsive (LoI) rats were conditioned across four sessions with 0.1, 0.5, or 1.5 mg/kg of AMPH. AMPH increased locomotor activity for HiI and LoI rats following 0.5 mg/kg but failed to increase activity following 0.1 and 1.5 mg/kg. CPP was established for HiI rats with both 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg of AMPH, whereas LoI rats did not develop CPP following any dose of AMPH; HiI and LoI groups differed significantly following 0.5 mg/kg of AMPH. These results indicate that HiI rats are more sensitive to the rewarding effects of AMPH compared to LoI rats, which is consistent with research showing that high impulsive individuals may be more vulnerable to stimulant abuse.
兴奋剂如 d-苯丙胺（AMPH）常用于治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD），但由于其强化和潜在成瘾的特性，人们对 AMPH 的使用提出了担忧。本研究考察了冲动性选择是否能预测 AMPH 诱导的多动和条件性位置偏好（CPP）。首先，大鼠通过调整延迟程序进行延迟折扣测试，以测量冲动性选择，然后进行 AMPH CPP 测试。高冲动（HiI）和低冲动（LoI）大鼠在四个阶段接受 0.1、0.5 或 1.5mg/kg 的 AMPH 条件作用。0.5mg/kg 的 AMPH 增加了 HiI 和 LoI 大鼠的运动活性，但 0.1mg/kg 和 1.5mg/kg 的 AMPH 未增加活性。HiI 大鼠对 0.5mg/kg 和 1.5mg/kg 的 AMPH 均建立了 CPP，而 LoI 大鼠在任何剂量的 AMPH 下均未建立 CPP；HiI 和 LoI 组在 0.5mg/kg 的 AMPH 后差异显著。这些结果表明，与 LoI 大鼠相比，HiI 大鼠对 AMPH 的奖赏效应更为敏感，这与研究表明高冲动个体可能更容易滥用兴奋剂的结果一致。
