Smojver-Azić Sanja, Bezinović Petar
Institute for Social Research in Zagreb, Amruseva 8/III, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Croat Med J. 2011 Aug 15;52(4):469-77. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2011.52.469.
To gain insight into the relations between protective/risk family interactions and depressive symptoms in adolescent boys and girls.
A self-reported cross-sectional survey was conducted on a representative sample of 1191 secondary school students (617 girls and 574 boys) aged from 14 to 19 years, with a median of 16, from all secondary schools in the Primorsko-goranska County, Croatia in January and February 2010. Students reported their depressive symptoms, perceptions about the relationship with their mother and father, family activities, and parents' conflict resolution strategies. Data were analyzed by hierarchical multiple regression to calculate the effects of family supportive and harmful interactions on depressive symptoms in girls and boys.
Depressive symptoms were reported often and very often by 19.1% of girls and 15.8% of boys. Girls' assessment of the family relations was significantly more positive than boys', including the assessment of family activities, constructive family conflict resolution, or father's and mother's warmth and affection. Multiple correlation analysis revealed that the examined family variables accounted for 16.3% of the variance of depressive symptoms in boys and for 17.2% in girls. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed a difference in the relation of family variables and depressive symptoms between boys and girls. Depressive symptoms in girls were more linked to the lack of protective family factors (9.9% of the explained variance in girls vs. 5.5% in boys), while depressive symptoms in boys were more linked to the existence of harmful family factors (10.8% of the explained variance in boys vs.7.3% in girls).
Family activities and the father's warmth and affection have a higher significance for girls than for boys, while destructive parental conflict and the mother's aggression and hostility are equally significant for both girls and boys. These results indicate the targets for family-based preventive and intervention programs for depression in adolescents.
深入了解青少年男孩和女孩中保护性/风险性家庭互动与抑郁症状之间的关系。
2010年1月和2月，对克罗地亚滨海和山区县所有中学1191名年龄在14至19岁（中位数为16岁）的中学生（617名女孩和574名男孩）进行了一项自我报告的横断面调查。学生们报告了他们的抑郁症状、对与父母关系的看法、家庭活动以及父母解决冲突的策略。通过分层多元回归分析数据，以计算家庭支持性和有害互动对女孩和男孩抑郁症状的影响。
19.1%的女孩和15.8%的男孩经常或非常频繁地报告有抑郁症状。女孩对家庭关系的评估明显比男孩更积极，包括对家庭活动、建设性家庭冲突解决方式，以及父亲和母亲的温暖与关爱。多元相关分析显示，所研究的家庭变量在男孩抑郁症状变异中占16.3%，在女孩中占17.2%。分层多元回归分析表明，男孩和女孩在家庭变量与抑郁症状的关系上存在差异。女孩的抑郁症状更多与缺乏保护性家庭因素有关（在女孩中解释变异的9.9%，在男孩中为5.5%），而男孩的抑郁症状更多与存在有害家庭因素有关（在男孩中解释变异的10.8%，在女孩中为7.3%）。
家庭活动以及父亲的温暖与关爱对女孩的意义高于男孩，而父母的破坏性冲突以及母亲的攻击性和敌意对女孩和男孩同样重要。这些结果指出了青少年抑郁症家庭预防和干预项目的目标。
