Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
Ann Thorac Surg. 2011 Oct;92(4):1539-47. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.04.123. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in as many as 40% of patients after cardiac surgery and requires dialysis in 1% of cases. Acute kidney injury is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity, predisposes patients to a longer hospitalization, requires additional treatments, and increases the hospital costs. Acute kidney injury is characterized by a progressive worsening course, being the consequence of an interplay of different pathophysiologic mechanisms, with patient-related factors and cardiopulmonary bypass as major causes. Recently, several novel biomarkers have emerged, showing reasonable sensitivity and specificity for AKI prediction and protection. The development and implementation of potentially protective therapies for AKI remains essential, especially for the relevant impact of AKI on early and late survival.
急性肾损伤（AKI）在心脏手术后多达 40%的患者中发生，在 1%的病例中需要透析。急性肾损伤与死亡率和发病率增加相关，使患者住院时间延长，需要额外的治疗，并增加了住院费用。急性肾损伤的特征是进行性恶化，是多种病理生理机制相互作用的结果，患者相关因素和体外循环是主要原因。最近，出现了几种新的生物标志物，对 AKI 的预测和保护具有合理的敏感性和特异性。开发和实施对 AKI 具有潜在保护作用的治疗方法仍然至关重要，尤其是 AKI 对早期和晚期存活的相关影响。
