随后的运动改变了跳下与落地时下肢肌肉的活动和动力学。

A subsequent movement alters lower extremity muscle activity and kinetics in drop jumps vs. drop landings.

机构信息

Sports Medicine Assessment Research and Testing Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA.

出版信息

J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Oct;25(10):2781-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31820f50b6.

Abstract

Drop landings and drop jumps are common training exercises and injury research model tasks. Drop landings have a single landing, whereas drop jumps include a subsequent jump after initial landing. With the expected ground impact, instant and landing surface suggested to modulate landing neuromechanics, muscle activity, and kinetics should be the same in both tasks when landing from the same height onto the same surface. Although previous researchers have noted some differences between these tasks across separate studies, little research has compared these tasks in the same study. Thus, we examined whether a subsequent movement after initial landing alters muscle activity and kinetics between drop landings and jumps. Fifteen women performed 10 drop landings and drop jumps each from 45 cm. Muscle onsets and integrated muscle activation amplitudes 150 milliseconds before (preactivity) and after landing (postactivity) in the medial and lateral quadriceps, hamstrings, and lateral gastrocnemius and peak and time-to-peak vertical ground reaction forces were examined across tasks (p ≤ 0.05). When performing drop jumps, subjects demonstrated later (p = 0.02) gastrocnemius and lesser lateral gastrocnemius (p = 0.002) and medial quadriceps (p = 0.02) preactivity followed by increased postactivity in all muscles (p = 0.006), with higher peak vertical ground reaction forces (p = 0.04) but no differences in times to these peaks (p = 0.60) than drop landings. The later gastrocnemius activation, higher gastrocnemius and quadriceps postlanding amplitudes, and higher ground reaction forces in drop jumps may allow subjects to propel the body vertically after the initial landing vs. simply absorbing impact in drop landings. Our results indicate that in addition to landing surface and height, anticipation of a subsequent task changes landing neuromechanics. Generalizations of results from landing-only studies should not be made with landing followed-by-subsequent-activity studies. Landing exercises should be incorporated based on sport-specific demands.

摘要

落地和跳落是常见的训练练习和损伤研究模型任务。落地只有一次着陆,而跳落包括初始着陆后的后续跳跃。由于预期的地面冲击,在从相同高度降落在相同表面时,瞬间和着陆表面应该在这两个任务中相同,从而调节着陆神经力学、肌肉活动和动力学。尽管以前的研究人员在单独的研究中注意到这两个任务之间的一些差异,但很少有研究在同一个研究中比较这两个任务。因此,我们研究了初始着陆后的后续运动是否会改变落地和跳跃之间的肌肉活动和动力学。15 名女性分别从 45 厘米的高度进行了 10 次落地和跳落。在落地前(前活动)和落地后(后活动)的 150 毫秒内,检查了内侧和外侧四头肌、腿筋和外侧腓肠肌的肌肉起始和整合肌肉激活幅度,以及峰值和到达峰值的时间垂直地面反作用力在任务之间(p ≤ 0.05)。当进行跳落时,受试者的腓肠肌和较小的外侧腓肠肌(p = 0.002)和内侧四头肌(p = 0.02)的前活动较晚(p = 0.02),随后所有肌肉的后活动增加(p = 0.006),垂直地面反作用力峰值更高(p = 0.04),但到达这些峰值的时间没有差异(p = 0.60),与落地相比。跳落中腓肠肌的较晚激活、更高的腓肠肌和四头肌后落幅度以及更高的地面反作用力可能使受试者在初始着陆后垂直推动身体,而不是在落地中简单地吸收冲击力。我们的结果表明,除了着陆表面和高度外,对后续任务的预期还会改变着陆神经力学。不应将仅着陆研究的结果推广到随后进行活动的研究。应根据特定运动的需求纳入着陆练习。

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