Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Mol Reprod Dev. 2011 Oct-Nov;78(10-11):757-68. doi: 10.1002/mrd.21380. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
Oocyte maturation is an important process required to achieve optimal oocyte quality, and later affects fertilization potential and subsequent embryo development. The maturation process includes synchronized nuclear and cytoplasmic remodeling, in which cytoskeletal and centrosome dynamics play an important role and significantly participate in cellular signaling. Centrosome remodeling within the maturing oocyte is essential for accurate meioisis I and II spindle formation, specifically to separate chromosomes accurately during the two successive, highly asymmetric meiotic cell divisions. Centrosomal abnormalities result in inaccurate microtubule organization and inaccurate chromosome alignment, with failures in chromosome segregation leading to aneuploidy and chromosomal abnormalities. The present review is focused on cytoskeletal and centrosome remodeling during oocyte maturation, with specific attention to γ-tubulin, pericentrin, the Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus (NuMA) protein, and microtubule organization. Species-specific differences will be discussed for rodent (mouse) and non-rodent (bovine, porcine) species, and for human oocytes.
卵母细胞成熟是获得最佳卵母细胞质量所必需的重要过程，并且随后会影响受精潜能和随后的胚胎发育。成熟过程包括核和细胞质的同步重塑，其中细胞骨架和中心体动力学起着重要作用，并显著参与细胞信号转导。在成熟卵母细胞内的中心体重塑对于准确的第一次减数分裂和第二次减数分裂纺锤体的形成是必不可少的，特别是在两次连续的、高度不对称的减数分裂细胞分裂中准确地分离染色体。中心体异常导致微管组织不准确和染色体排列不准确，染色体分离失败导致非整倍体和染色体异常。本综述集中讨论卵母细胞成熟过程中的细胞骨架和中心体重塑，特别关注 γ-微管蛋白、中心粒周围物质、核有丝分裂装置 (NuMA) 蛋白和微管组织。将讨论啮齿动物（小鼠）和非啮齿动物（牛、猪）以及人类卵母细胞的种间差异。
