Prasad D Krishna, Shetty Manoj, Bansal Neha, Hegde Chethan
Department of Prosthodontics Including Crown & Bridge and Implantology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Dent Res. 2011 Mar-Apr;22(2):317-23. doi: 10.4103/0970-9290.84311.
The level of bone crest surrounding the implant is of utmost significance to determine osseointegrated implant success, as preservation of marginal bone height is highly important for long-term dental implant survival. Various approaches have been described in the literature to prevent the crestal bone loss, including platform switching, non-submerged approach, scalloped implants, implant design modifications, progressive loading, immediate implant placement, etc. The purpose of this paper is to review all the possible methods to preserve the crestal bone, when each method should be used and their success rates in an attempt to address this complex problem of crestal bone resorption. "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" were used to find out any studies involving platform switching concept from 1990 up to 2009. Twenty-four studies involving methods for preservation of crestal bone were evaluated, which included 26% studies on platform switching, 22% on non-submerged approach, 17% on scalloped implants, 13% on progressive loading and 22% on immediate implant placement. Crestal bone preservation should be thought of starting from the design of the implant to be placed. The technique to be followed in a given case will depend upon the density of bone, force factors by the patient, bone volume and amount of soft tissues, etc. The best possible method or the combination of the methods should be used to preserve the crestal bone for the long-term success of the implants.
种植体周围骨嵴的水平对于确定骨结合种植体的成功至关重要，因为保留边缘骨高度对牙种植体的长期存活非常重要。文献中描述了多种防止嵴顶骨吸收的方法，包括平台转换、非潜入式方法、扇贝形种植体、种植体设计改良、渐进性加载、即刻种植等。本文的目的是综述所有可能的保留嵴顶骨的方法、每种方法的使用时机及其成功率，以试图解决嵴顶骨吸收这一复杂问题。利用“PubMed”和“谷歌学术”查找1990年至2009年间任何涉及平台转换概念的研究。对24项涉及保留嵴顶骨方法的研究进行了评估，其中26%的研究涉及平台转换，22%涉及非潜入式方法，17%涉及扇贝形种植体，13%涉及渐进性加载，22%涉及即刻种植。嵴顶骨的保留应从待植入种植体的设计开始考虑。在特定病例中应采用的技术将取决于骨密度、患者的力因素、骨量和软组织量等。应使用最佳可能的方法或方法组合来保留嵴顶骨，以实现种植体的长期成功。
