Department of Neurology, and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th St, P&S 16. New York, New York 10032, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011 Sep 7;12(10):585-601. doi: 10.1038/nrn3085.
The hippocampal formation has been implicated in a growing number of disorders, from Alzheimer's disease and cognitive ageing to schizophrenia and depression. How can the hippocampal formation, a complex circuit that spans the temporal lobes, be involved in a range of such phenotypically diverse and mechanistically distinct disorders? Recent neuroimaging findings indicate that these disorders differentially target distinct subregions of the hippocampal circuit. In addition, some disorders are associated with hippocampal hypometabolism, whereas others show evidence of hypermetabolism. Interpreted in the context of the functional and molecular organization of the hippocampal circuit, these observations give rise to a unified pathophysiological framework of hippocampal dysfunction.
海马结构与越来越多的疾病有关,从阿尔茨海默病和认知老化到精神分裂症和抑郁症。这个横跨颞叶的复杂回路怎么会与如此多种表型不同、机制迥异的疾病有关呢?最近的神经影像学研究发现,这些疾病会有选择地靶向海马回路的不同亚区。此外,一些疾病与海马代谢降低有关,而另一些疾病则表现出代谢升高的证据。从海马回路的功能和分子组织的角度来解释这些观察结果,为海马功能障碍的统一病理生理学框架提供了依据。