Elzayat Ehab A, Al-Zahrani Ali A
Department of Urology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Adv Urol. 2011;2011:701481. doi: 10.1155/2011/701481. Epub 2011 Aug 29.
The standard surgical treatment of invasive bladder cancer is the radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND). Up to one-third of patients with invasive bladder cancer have lymph node metastasis. Thus, PLND has important therapeutic and prognostic benefits. The number of lymph nodes that should be removed and the extent of the PLND are still a controversial issue. Recently, the trend of PLND increased toward more extended PLND. Several prognostic factors related to PLND were reported in the literature. In this paper, we will discuss the different PLND templates, number of lymph nodes that should be resected, lymph node density, lymphovascular invasion, tumor burden, extracapsular extension, and the aggregate lymph node metastasis diameter.
浸润性膀胱癌的标准外科治疗方法是根治性膀胱切除术和盆腔淋巴结清扫术（PLND）。高达三分之一的浸润性膀胱癌患者存在淋巴结转移。因此，PLND具有重要的治疗和预后益处。应切除的淋巴结数量以及PLND的范围仍是一个有争议的问题。最近，PLND的趋势朝着更广泛的PLND发展。文献报道了一些与PLND相关的预后因素。在本文中，我们将讨论不同的PLND模板、应切除的淋巴结数量、淋巴结密度、淋巴管浸润、肿瘤负荷、包膜外扩展以及淋巴结转移的总直径。
