Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e24344. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024344. Epub 2011 Sep 13.
The systematics of the poriferan Order Haplosclerida (Class Demospongiae) has been under scrutiny for a number of years without resolution. Molecular data suggests that the order needs revision at all taxonomic levels. Here, we provide a comprehensive view of the phylogenetic relationships of the marine Haplosclerida using many species from across the order, and three gene regions. Gene trees generated using 28S rRNA, nad1 and cox1 gene data, under maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, are highly congruent and suggest the presence of four clades. Clade A is comprised primarily of species of Haliclona and Callyspongia, and clade B is comprised of H. simulans and H. vansoesti (Family Chalinidae), Amphimedon queenslandica (Family Niphatidae) and Tabulocalyx (Family Phloeodictyidae), Clade C is comprised primarily of members of the Families Petrosiidae and Niphatidae, while Clade D is comprised of Aka species. The polyphletic nature of the suborders, families and genera described in other studies is also found here.
海绵动物门（多孔动物门）的偕老同穴目（Euspongiae）系统分类多年来一直备受关注，但尚未得到解决。分子数据表明，该目在所有分类水平上都需要修订。在这里，我们使用来自该目的许多物种和三个基因区域，提供了海洋偕老同穴目系统发育关系的综合视图。使用 28S rRNA、nad1 和 cox1 基因数据，通过最大似然法和贝叶斯方法生成的基因树高度一致，并表明存在四个分支。分支 A 主要由 Haliclona 和 Callyspongia 物种组成，分支 B 由 H. simulans 和 H. vansoesti（Chalinidae 科）、Amphimedon queenslandica（Niphatidae 科）和 Tabulocalyx（Phloeodictyidae 科）组成，分支 C 主要由 Petrosiidae 和 Niphatidae 科的成员组成，而分支 D 则由 Aka 物种组成。其他研究中描述的亚目、科和属的多系性也在这里得到了发现。
