Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Environ Monit Assess. 2012 Jul;184(7):4609-22. doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-2289-y. Epub 2011 Sep 20.
In order to assess the metal pollution status of agricultural lands of Mandi Bahauuddin receiving industrial wastewater, 35 top soil samples were investigated for the determination of selected metal levels, i.e., Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ca, Ni, and Pb by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy under optimum analytical conditions. The distribution of these metals in different operationally defined chemical fractions was also determined by using the sequential extraction technique. The highest mean total concentration was found for Fe while the least one was observed for Pb. All the studied metals were found to be present at levels much enhanced than national and international standards. Moreover, most of the metals were distributed principally in residual fraction with the exception of Ni which was found to be associated mainly with oxidizable fraction. The significant correlations were observed between Fe-Mn oxide-bound and residual fractions and exchangeable and oxidizable fractions for most of the metals. The highest mobility was exhibited by Ni that evidenced its enhanced bioavailability in the soil. The multivariate statistical analyses in terms of principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) revealed multiple sources for various geochemical fractions of different metals. CA also revealed that the nonresidual fractions of most of the metals were very closely associated while PCA presented a distinctive behavior of Ca in the soil. It was therefore suggested that in order to avoid the metal contamination arising from industrial wastewater, appropriate remediation strategies must be adopted.
为了评估曼迪巴豪丁因工业废水而受到污染的农业用地的金属污染状况,在最佳分析条件下,通过火焰原子吸收光谱法对 35 个表层土壤样本中的选定金属水平(即 Fe、Cu、Cd、Cr、Ca、Ni 和 Pb)进行了调查。还使用连续提取技术确定了这些金属在不同操作定义的化学部分中的分布。发现这些金属的最高平均总浓度为 Fe,而最低的为 Pb。所有研究的金属都被发现存在于远远超过国家和国际标准的水平。此外,大多数金属主要分布在残余部分,而 Ni 主要与可氧化部分有关。对于大多数金属,在 Fe-Mn 氧化物结合和残余部分与可交换和可氧化部分之间观察到显著的相关性。Ni 表现出最高的迁移率,这表明它在土壤中的生物可用性增强。基于主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(CA)的多元统计分析揭示了不同金属的各种地球化学部分的多个来源。CA 还表明,大多数金属的非残余部分非常密切相关,而 PCA 则呈现出土壤中 Ca 的独特行为。因此,建议为了避免工业废水引起的金属污染,必须采取适当的修复策略。