Department of Psychology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2012 Feb;111(2):180-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2011.08.003. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
The current research investigated the influence of body posture on adults' and children's perception of facial displays of emotion. In each of two experiments, participants categorized facial expressions that were presented on a body posture that was congruent (e.g., a sad face on a body posing sadness) or incongruent (e.g., a sad face on a body posing fear). Adults and 8-year-olds made more errors and had longer reaction times on incongruent trials than on congruent trials when judging sad versus fearful facial expressions, an effect that was larger in 8-year-olds. The congruency effect was reduced when faces and bodies were misaligned, providing some evidence for holistic processing. Neither adults nor 8-year-olds were affected by congruency when judging sad versus happy expressions. Evidence that congruency effects vary with age and with similarity of emotional expressions is consistent with dimensional theories and "emotional seed" models of emotion perception.
当前的研究调查了身体姿势对成年人和儿童对面部表情的感知的影响。在两个实验中，参与者对呈现的身体姿势与面部表情一致（例如，悲伤的脸出现在悲伤的姿势上）或不一致（例如，悲伤的脸出现在恐惧的姿势上）的面部表情进行分类。当判断悲伤与恐惧的面部表情时，成年人和 8 岁儿童在判断不一致的试验上比判断一致的试验上犯的错误更多，反应时间更长，8 岁儿童的这种影响更大。当面孔和身体不匹配时，一致性效应会降低，这为整体加工提供了一些证据。当判断悲伤与快乐表情时，成年人和 8 岁儿童都不受一致性的影响。一致性效应随年龄和情绪表达的相似性而变化的证据与情绪感知的维度理论和“情绪种子”模型一致。
