Nussinov R
Department of Molecular Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1990;25(3):185-224. doi: 10.3109/10409239009090609.
Two DNA sequence elements are known to recur frequently upstream of eukaryotic polymerase II-transcribed genes. The TATAAA, at position -40, specifies the transcription initiation site. The GGCCAATCT is less frequent around -80. Sequence analysis of upstream regions reveals that the underlined yeast UAS2 consensus sequence, TGATTGGT, is also very frequent at -80 in higher polymerase II-transcribed animal sequences. The underlined CCAAT box and yeast UAS sequences are complementary. Structural analysis suggests some symmetry in their DNA structures. Upstream of the TATAAT-rich region there is an abundance of GC sequences. Analysis of nucleotide tracts indicates that these are preferentially flanked by their complementary nucleotides with a pyrimidine-purine junction, i.e., TTAN, CCGn, CnGG, TnAA. Here, I discuss DNA structural consideration in upstream regions along with protein readout of the major and minor groove information content. These sequence-structure aspects are put in the general context of protein (factors)-DNA (elements) recognition and regulation.
已知有两种DNA序列元件经常出现在真核生物聚合酶II转录基因的上游。位于-40位置的TATAAA确定转录起始位点。GGCCAATCT在-80左右出现的频率较低。对上游区域的序列分析表明，下划线标注的酵母UAS2共有序列TGATTGGT在高等动物聚合酶II转录序列的-80位置也非常常见。下划线标注的CCAAT框和酵母UAS序列是互补的。结构分析表明它们的DNA结构存在一些对称性。在富含TATAAT的区域上游有大量的GC序列。对核苷酸序列的分析表明，这些序列优先由其互补核苷酸侧翼环绕，形成嘧啶-嘌呤连接，即TTAN、CCGn、CnGG、TnAA。在此，我将讨论上游区域的DNA结构考量以及蛋白质对大沟和小沟信息内容的读取。这些序列-结构方面被置于蛋白质（因子）-DNA（元件）识别和调控的一般背景下。
