Pelham W E, Greenslade K E, Vodde-Hamilton M, Murphy D A, Greenstein J J, Gnagy E M, Guthrie K J, Hoover M D, Dahl R E
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Pediatrics. 1990 Aug;86(2):226-37.
Twenty-two children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover evaluation of the efficacy of standard methylphenidate twice a day and comparable doses every morning of a sustained-release preparation of methylphenidate (SR-20 Ritalin), a sustained-release form of dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine Spansule), and pemoline. The children were participating in a summer treatment program in which they engaged in recreational and classroom activities. Dependent measures include evaluations of social behavior during group recreational activities, classroom performance, and performance on a continuous performance task. Results revealed generally equivalent and beneficial effects of all four medications. Dexedrine Spansule and pemoline tended to produce the most consistent effects and were recommended for 10 of the 15 children who were responders to medication. The continuous performance task results showed that all four medications had an effect within 2 hours of ingestion, and the effects lasted for 9 hours. The implications of these results for the use of long-acting stimulant medication in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder are discussed.
22名患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的儿童接受了一项双盲、安慰剂对照的交叉评估，以比较每日两次服用标准哌甲酯以及每日早晨服用同等剂量的哌甲酯缓释制剂（SR-20利他林）、右旋苯丙胺缓释制剂（右旋苯丙胺胶囊）和匹莫林的疗效。这些儿童参加了一个暑期治疗项目，期间参与娱乐和课堂活动。相关测量指标包括对小组娱乐活动中的社交行为、课堂表现以及持续性操作任务表现的评估。结果显示，所有四种药物的效果总体相当且有益。右旋苯丙胺胶囊和匹莫林往往能产生最稳定的效果，在15名对药物有反应的儿童中，有10名被推荐使用这两种药物。持续性操作任务的结果表明，所有四种药物在摄入后2小时内起效，效果持续9小时。本文讨论了这些结果对于在患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的儿童中使用长效兴奋剂药物的意义。
