Podesta L, Sherman M F, Bonamo J R, Reiter I
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center, New York, New York.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990 Aug(257):262-73.
A rehabilitation program for postoperative anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction permits adequate tissue healing time and allows early protected muscular conditioning. The program is based on kinematic, biomechanical, and kinesiologic factors as they pertain to ACL function. The program is divided into five phases. The early phases, zero to 12 weeks, are intended to control translational forces across the ACL and to allow necessary time for ligament revascularization and soft-tissue healing. During this period, isometric and isotonic training of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscle groups in a restricted active arc of motion is permitted. Passive motion is encouraged, and progressive weight bearing is allowed. Conditioning of the upper body as well as the nonsurgical lower limb is stressed. During the advanced phases, 12-31 weeks, isotonic muscle training continues throughout a full range of motion. Greater strength, coordination, and endurance to achieve dynamic stability of the knee, preparing the patient for unrestricted activity, are stressed. Approximately 52 weeks of active rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction surgery are usually required to return to a preinjury level of function.
术后前交叉韧带（ACL）重建康复计划可确保有足够的组织愈合时间，并能早期进行有保护的肌肉训练。该计划基于与ACL功能相关的运动学、生物力学和运动学因素制定。该计划分为五个阶段。早期阶段，即0至12周，旨在控制跨越ACL的平移力，并为韧带再血管化和软组织愈合留出必要时间。在此期间，允许在受限的主动运动弧内对腘绳肌和股四头肌肌群进行等长和等张训练。鼓励进行被动运动，并允许逐步负重。强调对上半身以及未手术的下肢进行训练。在后期阶段，即12至31周，等张肌肉训练在整个运动范围内持续进行。着重增强力量、协调性和耐力，以实现膝关节的动态稳定性，使患者为不受限制的活动做好准备。ACL重建手术后通常需要约52周的积极康复才能恢复到受伤前的功能水平。
