Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
Viruses. 2011 Jul;3(7):1179-203. doi: 10.3390/v3071179. Epub 2011 Jul 14.
As an early response to infection, cells induce a profile of the early inflammatory proteins including antiviral cytokines and chemokines. Two families of transcriptional factors play a major role in the transcriptional activation of the early inflammatory genes: The well-characterized family of NFkB factors and the family of interferon regulatory factors (IRF). The IRFs play a critical role in the induction of type I interferon (IFN) and chemokine genes, as well as genes mediating antiviral, antibacterial, and inflammatory responses. Type I IFNs represent critical components of innate antiviral immunity. These proteins not only exert direct antiviral effects, but also induce maturation of dendritic cells (DC), and enhance functions of NK, T and B cells, and macrophages. This review will summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms leading to the innate antiviral response with a focus on its role in the regulation of HIV-1 infection and pathogenicity. We would like this review to be both historical and a future perspective.
作为对感染的早期反应，细胞诱导包括抗病毒细胞因子和趋化因子在内的早期炎症蛋白的表达谱。两类转录因子在早期炎症基因的转录激活中发挥主要作用：已充分研究的 NFkB 因子家族和干扰素调节因子 (IRF) 家族。IRFs 在诱导 I 型干扰素 (IFN) 和趋化因子基因以及介导抗病毒、抗细菌和炎症反应的基因方面发挥着关键作用。I 型 IFNs 是先天抗病毒免疫的关键组成部分。这些蛋白不仅发挥直接的抗病毒作用，还能诱导树突状细胞 (DC) 的成熟，并增强 NK、T 和 B 细胞以及巨噬细胞的功能。这篇综述将总结目前关于先天抗病毒反应机制的知识，重点介绍其在调节 HIV-1 感染和致病性方面的作用。我们希望这篇综述既具有历史意义，又具有前瞻性。
