Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2011 Sep;15(9):1051-6.
Several studies have shown the role of genetic factors in allergies, and ascertained that atopic diseases are transmitted by parents, especially by mothers.
In order to explore the genetic risk of a child with a family history (FH) of allergy, we have enrolled into this prospective study 300 children, 173 males and 127 females, aged 3.5 to 7.5 years (median age 4.4 years), that included: family (FH) and personal history skin prick tests (SPTs) and specific IgE (RAST), who attended the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Division of Rome University because affected with respiratory allergy We have studied the FH of these children asking whether their parents and brothers/sisters had atopic diseases, and detailing whether such diseases were respiratory or food allergies (FA). The parents of all children gave their informed consent. We analyzed data using the X2 method.
One hundred and twentyseven parents were atopic (42.3%), in addition to 20 brothers/sisters. In detail 90.2% of fathers, 84% of mothers and 65% of brothers/sisters had asthma or allergic rhinitis (AR). Very less parents had urticaria, especially the mothers and brothers/sisters suffered with atopic dermatitis (AD), and some mothers with FA. In 23 children from these parents most had AD and respiratory allergy. In 300 children comparable for age and sex with no respiratory illness recruited from our out-patient clinic 40 parents, 14 mothers and 26 fathers and 9 brothers/sisters had asthma or AR (p = 0.0001), some fathers had also urticaria and two brothers AD.
A relevant part of respiratory allergy is not transmitted by mothers. Our prospective study stresses that 42.3% of parents are atopic, and FH of their children was positive for respiratory allergy in 82-92% of cases. Thus respiratory allergy can have an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, but considering the other atopic diseases, the transmission can be polygenic. The impact of genetic factors in these children is emphasized by the high part of asthmatic brothers/sisters.
多项研究表明遗传因素在过敏症中起作用，并确定特应性疾病由父母遗传，尤其是母亲遗传。
为了探讨有家族过敏史（FH）的儿童的遗传风险，我们前瞻性地纳入了 300 名儿童，男 173 名，女 127 名，年龄 3.5 至 7.5 岁（中位数年龄 4.4 岁），包括：家族史（FH）和个人史皮肤点刺试验（SPTs）和特异性 IgE（RAST），他们因呼吸道过敏而在罗马大学儿科过敏和免疫学系就诊。我们研究了这些儿童的 FH，询问他们的父母和兄弟姐妹是否患有特应性疾病，并详细说明这些疾病是呼吸道过敏还是食物过敏（FA）。所有儿童的父母均签署了知情同意书。我们使用 X2 方法分析数据。
127 名父母为特应性（42.3%），此外还有 20 名兄弟姐妹。详细来说，90.2%的父亲、84%的母亲和 65%的兄弟姐妹患有哮喘或过敏性鼻炎（AR）。很少有父母患有荨麻疹，尤其是母亲和兄弟姐妹患有特应性皮炎（AD），一些母亲患有 FA。在这些父母的 23 名儿童中，大多数患有 AD 和呼吸道过敏。在我们的门诊从年龄和性别上与无呼吸道疾病的 300 名儿童相匹配的情况下，40 名父母、14 名母亲和 26 名父亲和 9 名兄弟姐妹患有哮喘或 AR（p=0.0001），一些父亲还患有荨麻疹，两名兄弟患有 AD。
一部分呼吸道过敏并非由母亲遗传。我们的前瞻性研究强调，42.3%的父母为特应性，其子女的 FH 对呼吸道过敏的阳性率为 82-92%。因此，呼吸道过敏可能具有常染色体显性遗传模式，但考虑到其他特应性疾病，其遗传方式可能为多基因遗传。有哮喘的兄弟姐妹比例较高，强调了遗传因素在这些儿童中的重要作用。
