Amberg David, Leadsham Jane E, Kotiadis Vasillios, Gourlay Campbell W
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA,
Subcell Biochem. 2012;57:331-52. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-2561-4_15.
For some time the view that the actin cytoskeleton acts primarily as a scaffold, to be assembled in response to a signaling cascade as an end point in the pathway, has prevailed. However, it is now clear that the dynamic nature of the cytoskeleton is linked to downstream signaling events that further modulate cellular activity, and which can determine cell fate. Examples of this lie within the regulation of programmed cell death, the maintenance of homeostasis and the process of cellular ageing. In yeast the actin cytoskeleton has been shown to interact directly with signaling pathways known to be important in the regulation of both ageing and cell death. For example it has been discovered that the level of damage sustained by the actin cytoskeleton under conditions of oxidative stressoxidative stress is directly linked to apoptosis. Further evidence comes from the finding that actin based propulsion mechanisms are required for the inheritance of mitochondria and anti-ageing factors into newly formed cells. In addition to this actin is known to directly influence the formation of protein aggregations. In this chapter we will discuss these points and postulate as to their significance with respect to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.
一段时间以来，肌动蛋白细胞骨架主要作为一种支架的观点盛行，它会在信号级联反应中作为该通路的终点进行组装。然而，现在很清楚的是，细胞骨架的动态性质与下游信号事件相关联，这些事件会进一步调节细胞活动，并能决定细胞命运。这方面的例子存在于程序性细胞死亡的调控、内环境稳态的维持以及细胞衰老过程中。在酵母中，肌动蛋白细胞骨架已被证明与已知在衰老和细胞死亡调控中起重要作用的信号通路直接相互作用。例如，已经发现肌动蛋白细胞骨架在氧化应激条件下所承受的损伤程度与细胞凋亡直接相关。进一步的证据来自这一发现，即基于肌动蛋白的推进机制是线粒体和抗衰老因子传递到新形成细胞所必需的。除此之外，已知肌动蛋白会直接影响蛋白质聚集体的形成。在本章中，我们将讨论这些要点，并推测它们对于维持细胞内环境稳态的意义。
