Movement Disorders Section, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012 Jun;18(5):453-7. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.10.022. Epub 2011 Dec 6.
Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965) the world-famous philosopher, theologian, concert organist, musicologist, philanthropist and winner of the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize suffered throughout most of his life from severe and painful muscle cramps in his right upper extremity which were triggered exclusively by handwriting. They led to tonic finger flexion and wrist extension and produced slow and clumsy handwriting of a reduced character size. Other motor functions including Schweitzer's highly skilful and famous organ playing were not affected. Inheritance from his mother is likely. Schweitzer applied several coping strategies including a specific holding pattern for pens, usage of special pens, avoidance of handwriting and slowing of handwriting. With all these features Schweitzer presents as a classical case of action-specific dystonia in the form of a simple tonic writer's cramp. Interestingly, Schweitzer never received a medical diagnosis, although writer's cramp had already been identified and described as a medical condition. Impairment of his handwriting but not his organ playing may give insight into the multifactorial aetiology of writer's cramp.
阿尔贝特·施韦泽（1875-1965 年）是世界著名的哲学家、神学家、管风琴演奏家、音乐学家、慈善家和 1952 年诺贝尔和平奖得主，他一生中大部分时间都受到严重且痛苦的右臂肌肉痉挛的困扰，这种痉挛仅在手写时触发。它会导致强直性手指弯曲和腕关节伸展，并导致字符尺寸缩小、书写缓慢且笨拙。其他运动功能，包括施韦泽非常熟练和著名的管风琴演奏，都没有受到影响。这种情况可能是从他母亲那里遗传的。施韦泽采用了几种应对策略，包括为钢笔选择特定的握持方式、使用特殊的钢笔、避免手写和降低书写速度。所有这些特征使施韦泽呈现出一种典型的动作特异性肌张力障碍，表现为单纯强直性书写痉挛。有趣的是，尽管已经确定并描述了书写痉挛是一种医学病症，但施韦泽从未接受过医学诊断。他的书写能力受损，但管风琴演奏能力未受损，这可能为书写痉挛的多因素病因提供了一些见解。
