Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
Nat Rev Genet. 2011 Dec 16;13(1):14-20. doi: 10.1038/nrg3116.
Mouse models have become an invaluable tool for understanding human health and disease owing to our ability to manipulate the mouse genome exquisitely. Recent progress in genomic analysis has led to an increase in the number and type of disease-causing mutations detected and has also highlighted the importance of non-coding regions. As a result, there is increasing interest in creating 'genomically' humanized mouse models, in which entire human genomic loci are transferred into the mouse genome. The technical challenges towards achieving this aim are large but are starting to be tackled with success.
由于我们能够精妙地操控老鼠基因组,老鼠模型已成为了解人类健康和疾病的不可或缺的工具。基因组分析的最新进展不仅增加了已检测到的致病突变的数量和类型,还突出了非编码区域的重要性。因此,人们越来越感兴趣地创建“基因组上”的人类化老鼠模型,即将整个人类基因组座位转移到老鼠基因组中。实现这一目标的技术挑战很大,但已经开始成功解决。