Formate metabolism in young swine.

Formate generated from methanol metabolism in vivo is the chemical entity responsible for the development of the methanol toxicity syndrome in the monkey. Compared to rats, monkeys are in a state of folate deficiency. This leads to a decreased ability to dispose of formate generated leading to its accumulation and the subsequent development of the classic symptoms of methanol toxicity. Rats possess a more efficient folate system; therefore, they metabolize formate very readily and do not exhibit methanol toxicity symptoms. In this report, the hepatic folate content and the ability to handle a formate "load" were evaluated in another animal species, the pig. The results obtained indicate that the pig, compared to all other species studied, has extremely low levels of folates and very low levels of a key enzyme in the folate pathway, namely 10-formyl H4folate dehydrogenase. Also the pig's ability to dispose of formate was extremely limited and slower than that observed in rats or monkeys. These results suggest that the pig may be a suitable animal model for studying formate metabolism and possibly methanol toxicity.