Underreporting of energy intake in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the reported energy intake (EI(rep)) in hemodialysis (HD) patients by total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by a dedicated device.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

SETTING

RenalCor and RenalVida Clinics (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).

PATIENTS AND OTHERS PARTICIPANTS

Forty-eight HD patients (51.4 ± 12.2 years, 62% men, body mass index [BMI], 23.8 ± 4.5 kg/m(2)) were studied.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE

EI(rep) was evaluated using a 3-day food record. TEE was measured over a 2-day period by SWA (SenseWear Pro2 Armband, BodyMedia Inc., Pittsburgh, PA). Subjects were identified as underreporters (URs), acceptable reporters (ARs), or overreporters (ORs) from their EI(rep)/TEE ratio. ARs were defined as having the EI(rep)/TEE ratio in the range of 0.76 to 1.24, URs as EI(rep)/TEE <0.76, ORs as EI(rep)/TEE >1.24 according to Goldberg index.

RESULTS

The mean TEE and EI(rep) were 34.7 ± 9.4 kcal/kg/day and 22.8 ± 10.6 kcal/kg/day, respectively, and 37.5% of patients presented overweight or obesity. Thirty-one patients (65%) were identified as URs, and the mean of Goldberg index was 0.54 ± 0.12 (0.23 to 0.75), versus 0.95 ± 0.12 (0.79 to 1.2) for ARs. There were no ORs among the patients studied. There were negative correlations between Goldberg index and BMI (r = -0.35, P < .01) and % body fat (r = -0.4, P < .01) and between EI(rep) and BMI (r = -0.58, P < .001).

CONCLUSION

These results confirm a high prevalence of underreporting of EI in HD patients, particularly in patients with high BMI.