Mulroy Michael F, Alley Elizabeth A
Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA.
Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2012 Winter;50(1):101-10. doi: 10.1097/AIA.0b013e318217754d.
The major principles of management of bladder function during outpatient neuraxial blockade include choice of short-acting local anesthetics, avoidance of adding epinephrine, and reasonable fluid administration (750 to 1000 mL) to avoid overdistention of the bladder. Data suggest that low-risk patients are at no greater risk of retention than after general anesthesia, and may be discharged home with similar instructions regarding return if unable to void. High-risk patients may require closer monitoring with a BUS, and catheter drainage if volumes exceed 600 mL.
门诊神经轴阻滞期间膀胱功能管理的主要原则包括选择短效局部麻醉药、避免添加肾上腺素以及合理补液（750至1000毫升）以避免膀胱过度膨胀。数据表明，低风险患者发生尿潴留的风险并不高于全身麻醉后，并且如果无法排尿，可按类似的复诊说明出院回家。高风险患者可能需要用膀胱超声进行更密切的监测，如果尿量超过600毫升，则需要进行导尿引流。
