Department of Life Sciences, San Diego Zoo Global, San Diego, CA 92112-0551, USA.
J Hered. 2012 Mar-Apr;103(2):186-96. doi: 10.1093/jhered/esr129. Epub 2012 Jan 12.
Captive breeding programs aim to maintain populations that are demographically self-sustaining and genetically healthy. It has been well documented that the best way for managed breeding programs to retain gene diversity (GD) and limit inbreeding is to select breeding pairs that minimize a population's average kinship. We used a series of computer simulations to test 4 methods of minimizing average kinship across a variety of scenarios with varying generation lengths, mortality rates, reproductive rates, and rates of breeding pair success. "Static MK Selection" and "Dynamic MK Selection" are 2 methods for iteratively selecting genetically underrepresented individuals for breeding, whereas "Ranked MK Selection" and "Simultaneous MK Selection" are 2 methods for concurrently selecting the group of breeding individuals that produce offspring with the lowest average kinship. For populations with discrete generations (24 tested scenarios), we found that the Simultaneous and Ranked MK Selection methods were generally the best, nearly equivalent methods for selecting breeding pairs that retained GD and limited inbreeding. For populations with overlapping generations (198 tested scenarios), we found that Dynamic MK Selection was the most robust method for selecting breeding pairs. We used these results to provide guidelines for identifying which method of minimizing average kinship was most appropriate for various breeding program scenarios.
圈养繁殖计划旨在维持在人口统计学上自给自足且在基因上健康的种群。有充分的文献记载，管理繁殖计划保留基因多样性（GD）和限制近亲繁殖的最佳方法是选择最小化种群平均亲缘关系的繁殖对。我们使用一系列计算机模拟来测试 4 种在不同世代长度、死亡率、繁殖率和繁殖对成功率的情况下最小化平均亲缘关系的方法。“静态 MK 选择”和“动态 MK 选择”是两种用于迭代选择遗传上代表性不足的个体进行繁殖的方法，而“排名 MK 选择”和“同时 MK 选择”是两种用于同时选择产生平均亲缘关系最低后代的繁殖个体群体的方法。对于具有离散世代的种群（测试了 24 种情况），我们发现同时和排名 MK 选择方法通常是最好的，几乎是选择保留 GD 和限制近亲繁殖的繁殖对的等效方法。对于具有重叠世代的种群（测试了 198 种情况），我们发现动态 MK 选择是选择繁殖对的最稳健方法。我们使用这些结果为确定哪种最小化平均亲缘关系的方法最适合各种繁殖计划场景提供了指导。
