Li Jin-ping, Spillmann Dorothe
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Methods Mol Biol. 2012;836:239-55. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-498-8_16.
Proteoglycans are macromolecules expressed on the cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of most animal tissues (Annu Rev Biochem 68:729-777, 1999; Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 276:105-159, 2009). Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are essential for animal development and homeostasis, and are involved in various pathological processes. The functions of HSPGs are largely exerted through interaction of the heparan sulfate (HS) side chains with different types of ligands, including diverse molecules such as cytokines, enzymes, and pathogens. One of the important roles of cell surface HSPGs is to mediate cytokine-induced cell signaling through interaction with growth factors (GFs) and their cognate receptors. A selective dependence of GFs for different structural features of HS has been demonstrated by applying cell models that are mutated variously in HS structure due to deficiency in enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of HS chains.
蛋白聚糖是在大多数动物组织的细胞表面和细胞外基质中表达的大分子(《生物化学年度评论》68:729 - 777,1999年;《细胞与分子生物学国际评论》276:105 - 159,2009年)。硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖(HSPGs)对动物发育和体内平衡至关重要,并参与各种病理过程。HSPGs的功能主要通过硫酸乙酰肝素(HS)侧链与不同类型配体的相互作用来发挥,这些配体包括细胞因子、酶和病原体等多种分子。细胞表面HSPGs的一个重要作用是通过与生长因子(GFs)及其同源受体相互作用来介导细胞因子诱导的细胞信号传导。通过应用由于HS链生物合成中涉及的酶缺乏而在HS结构上发生不同突变的细胞模型,已证明GFs对HS不同结构特征的选择性依赖。