Maternal and Infant Health Branch, Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K-23, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Jun;17(3):120-5. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2012.01.007. Epub 2012 Jan 20.
Preterm birth affects 12.5% of all births in the USA. Infants of Black mothers are disproportionately affected, with 1.5 times the risk of preterm birth and 3.4 times the risk of preterm-related mortality. The preterm birth rate has increased by 33% in the last 25 years, almost entirely due to the rise in late preterm births (34-36 weeks' gestation). Recently attention has been given to uncovering the often subtle morbidity and mortality risks associated with moderate (32-33 weeks' gestation) and late preterm delivery, including respiratory, infectious, and neurocognitive complications and infant mortality. This section summarizes the epidemiology of moderate and late preterm birth, case definitions, risk factors, recent trends, and the emerging body of knowledge of morbidity and mortality associated with moderate and late preterm birth.
早产影响了美国所有分娩的 12.5%。黑人母亲所生的婴儿受到的影响不成比例，早产风险是白人婴儿的 1.5 倍，与早产相关的死亡率是白人婴儿的 3.4 倍。在过去的 25 年中，早产率增加了 33%，几乎完全是由于晚期早产（34-36 周妊娠）的增加。最近，人们开始关注揭示与中度（32-33 周妊娠）和晚期早产相关的往往微妙的发病率和死亡率风险，包括呼吸、感染和神经认知并发症以及婴儿死亡率。本节总结了中度和晚期早产的流行病学、病例定义、危险因素、最近的趋势，以及与中度和晚期早产相关的发病率和死亡率的新兴知识体系。
