Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2012 May;28(3):244-52. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32835005bc.
Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignancy arising from biliary tract epithelium that is increasing in incidence and is associated with a poor prognosis. The difficulty in diagnosis and relatively poor staging accuracy complicate management. In this review we examine the utility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), which is increasingly used in this setting to overcome the limitations of other imaging and biopsy techniques.
Inherent limitations of current approaches to cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis and staging have driven the pursuit of new technologies including EUS. However, there remains a relative paucity of data and some uncertainty as to the role of EUS within the diagnostic algorithm for patients with suspected or known cholangiocarcinoma. In addition, there is controversy regarding the role of EUS fine-needle aspiration, the findings of which may enhance diagnosis, but may also predispose to tumor seeding and iatrogenic upstaging.
An emerging indication for EUS is the diagnosis and staging of cholangiocarcinoma. This information may be used to help guide patient care and improve outcomes, but may also be employed in a manner that risks patient well being.
胆管癌是一种来源于胆道上皮的恶性肿瘤，其发病率正在上升，且预后不良。诊断困难和分期准确性相对较差使得治疗复杂化。在本文中，我们探讨了内镜超声（EUS）的应用，它在这种情况下越来越多地用于克服其他影像学和活检技术的局限性。
目前胆管癌诊断和分期方法的固有局限性促使人们寻求新技术，包括 EUS。然而，对于疑似或已知胆管癌患者的诊断算法中 EUS 的作用，仍然存在相对缺乏数据和一些不确定性。此外，对于 EUS 细针抽吸的作用也存在争议，其结果可能有助于诊断，但也可能导致肿瘤种植和医源性分期升级。
EUS 的一个新兴适应证是胆管癌的诊断和分期。这些信息可用于帮助指导患者的治疗和改善预后，但也可能以危害患者健康的方式使用。
