Savjani Jignasa K, Gajjar Anuradha K
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Pak J Biol Sci. 2011 Dec 15;14(24):1076-89. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2011.1076.1089.
Imidazole heterocycles containing oxygen or sulfur heteroatoms are of considerable pharmaceutical interest. Many synthetic strategies for imidazolidine-2-thione and imidazole-2-thione derivatives were developed in the past years. They have been well documented by a steadily increasing number of publications and patents. Substituted imidazolidine-2-thiones and imidazole-2-thiones display remarkable biological activities. For instance, imidazole-2-thione has been reported to exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal, antithyroid, antioxidant, cardiotonic, antihypertensive, Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitory and anti-HIV properties. Imidazolidine-2-thione derivatives have been reported to exhibit antimicrobial activity, anti-HIV activity, antifungal activity and so forth. The main purpose of this review is to present a survey of the literature on the different methods of synthesis and reactions involving imidazolidine-2-thione and imidazole-2-thione during the last few decades. This article summarizes an efficient, microwave-assisted method for the liquid-phase combinatorial synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted-thiohydantoin, also reported previously. Synthesis of metal complexes of imidazolidine-2-thione and its derivatives were reported as antimicrobial agents also discussed in the article. Some of the chiral imidazolidine-2-thione N-and C-nucleoside were reported as precursors for the synthesis of azidonucleosides and fluoronucleosides known for their anti-AIDS activity. Metal complexes of heterocyclic thione ligands were reported to possess antifungal activity. Imidazolidine-2-thione and imidazole-2-thione derivatives have found applications in diverse therapeutic areas. Imidazolidine-2-thiones are also used as a chiral auxiliary and ligand for asymmetric catalysis.
含有氧或硫杂原子的咪唑杂环具有相当大的药学研究价值。在过去几年中，人们开发了许多合成咪唑烷-2-硫酮和咪唑-2-硫酮衍生物的策略。越来越多的出版物和专利对它们进行了详细记录。取代的咪唑烷-2-硫酮和咪唑-2-硫酮具有显著的生物活性。例如，据报道咪唑-2-硫酮具有抗菌、抗真菌、抗甲状腺、抗氧化、强心、降压、多巴胺β-羟化酶（DBH）抑制和抗HIV特性。据报道，咪唑烷-2-硫酮衍生物具有抗菌活性、抗HIV活性、抗真菌活性等。本综述的主要目的是对过去几十年中有关咪唑烷-2-硫酮和咪唑-2-硫酮的不同合成方法及反应的文献进行综述。本文还总结了一种高效的微波辅助液相组合合成3,5-二取代硫代乙内酰脲的方法，该方法此前也有报道。本文还讨论了咪唑烷-2-硫酮及其衍生物的金属配合物作为抗菌剂的合成。一些手性咪唑烷-2-硫酮N-和C-核苷被报道为合成叠氮核苷和氟核苷的前体，这些核苷以其抗艾滋病活性而闻名。据报道，杂环硫酮配体的金属配合物具有抗真菌活性。咪唑烷-2-硫酮和咪唑-2-硫酮衍生物已在不同的治疗领域得到应用。咪唑烷-2-硫酮还用作不对称催化的手性助剂和配体。
