Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA.
Annu Rev Physiol. 2012;74:425-51. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020911-153342.
We review the critical events in early meiotic prophase in Drosophila melanogaster oocytes. We focus on four aspects of this process: the formation of the synaptonemal complex (SC) and its role in maintaining homologous chromosome pairings, the critical roles of the meiosis-specific process of centromere clustering in the formation of a full-length SC, the mechanisms by which preprogrammed double-strand breaks initiate meiotic recombination, and the checkpoints that govern the progression and coordination of these processes. Central to this discussion are the roles that somatic pairing events play in establishing the necessary conditions for proper SC formation, the roles of centromere pairing in synapsis initiation, and the mechanisms by which oocytes detect failures in SC formation and/or recombination. Finally, we correlate what is known in Drosophila oocytes with our understanding of these processes in other systems.
我们回顾了果蝇卵母细胞中减数分裂前期的关键事件。我们重点关注这个过程的四个方面：联会复合体（SC）的形成及其在维持同源染色体配对中的作用、着丝粒聚类这一减数分裂特异性过程在形成全长 SC 中的关键作用、预编程双链断裂引发减数分裂重组的机制，以及控制这些过程进展和协调的检查点。讨论的核心是体细胞配对事件在为正确的 SC 形成建立必要条件方面所起的作用、着丝粒配对在联会起始中的作用，以及卵母细胞检测 SC 形成和/或重组失败的机制。最后，我们将果蝇卵母细胞中的已知内容与我们对其他系统中这些过程的理解联系起来。
